A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area.Other names such as brush fireforest fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, veldfire, and wildland fire may be used to describe the same phenomenon depending on the type of vegetation being burned. A wildfire differs from other fires by its extensive size, the speed at which it can spread out from its original source, its potential to change direction unexpectedly, and its ability to jump gaps such as roads, rivers and fire breaks Wildfires are characterized in terms of the cause of ignition, their physical properties such as speed ofpropagation, the combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the fire.

WHAT DO BEFORE

1. Learn and teach safe fire practices:

• Build fires away from nearby trees or bushes
• Always have a way to extinguish the fire quickly and completely
• Never leave a fire even a cigarette burning unattended
• Obtain local building codes and weed abatement ordinances for structures built near wooded area
• Use fire-resistant materials when building, renovating, or retrofitting structures

3. Create a safety zone to separate the home from combustible plants and vegetation:

• Stonewalls can act as heat shields and deflect flame
• Swimming pools and patios can be a safety zone

4. Check for fire hazards around home

• Install electrical lines underground, if possible. Keep all tree and shrub limbs trimmed so they don't come in contact with the wire
• Prune all branches around the residence to a height of 8 to 10 feet (0.7 to 0.9 metres). Keep trees adjacent to buildings free of dead or dying wood and moss
• Remove all dead limbs, needles, and debris from rain gutters
• Store combustible or flammable materials in approved safety containers and keep them away from the house
• Keep chimney cleanAvoid open burning completely, and especially during dry season
• Install smoke detectors on every level of your home and near sleeping areas

5. Make evacuation plans from home and from neighbourhood

6. Plan several routes in case the fire blocks escape route.

7. Have disaster supplies on hand :

• Flashlight with extra batteries
• Portable, battery-operated radio and extra batteries
• First aid kit and manual
• Emergency food and water
• Non-electric can opener
• Essential medicines
• Cash and credit cards
• Sturdy shoes
• Develop an emergency communication plan
• In case family members are separated from one another during a forest fire (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), have a plan for getting back together

8. Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the "family contact." After a disaster, it's often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person.

9. Fire-Resistant Building Materials:

• Avoid using wooden shakes and shingles for a roof. Use tile, stucco, metal siding, brick, concrete block, rock, or other fire-resistant materials. Use only thick, tempered safety glass in large windows and sliding glass doors
• Contact your local emergency management office or American Red Cross chapter for more information on forest fires

WHAT TO DO DURING

1. Turn on a battery-operated radio to get the latest emergency information

2. Remove combustible items from around the house:

• Lawn and poolside furniture
• Umbrella
• Tarp coverings
• Firewood
• Take down flammable drapes and curtains and close all Venetian blinds or non-combustible window coverings

3. Take action to protect your home:

• Close all doors and windows inside your home to prevent draft
• Close gas valves and turn off all pilot lights
• Turn on a light in each room for visibility in heavy smoke
• Place valuables that will not be damaged by water in a pool or pond
• If hoses and adequate water are available, leave sprinklers on roofs and anything that might be damaged by fire
• Be ready to evacuate all family members and pets when fire nears or when instructed to do so by local officials

WHAT TO DO AFTER

• Take care when re-entering a burned forestland area. Hot spots can flare up without warning. Check the roof immediately and extinguish any sparks or embers. Check the attic for hidden burning sparks. For several hours afterward, re-check for smoke and sparks throughout the home. If trapped in a forestland Fire
• You cannot outrun a fire. Crouch in a pond or river. Cover head and upper body with wet clothing. If water is not around, look for shelter in a cleared area or among a bed of rocks. Lie flat and cover body with wet clothing or soil
• Breathe the air close to the ground through a wet cloth to avoid scorching lungs or inhaling smoke.